Q: Why is Japanese whaling considered not for research purposes as stated by Japanese government but for commercial purposes?
A: Because Japanese are whaling thousands of minkes, a number that is too many to be considered to be for research purposes, and because all these "research subjects" are sold at meat and oil market.
A: Because Japanese are whaling thousands of minkes, a number that is too many to be considered to be for research purposes, and because all these "research subjects" are sold at meat and oil market.
Q: Why and how are Japanese whaling so far from their homeland near the Antarctic?
A: Because the number of whales along Japanese coastal lines has diminished significantly due to the long history of whaling in adjacent areas. Modern technology such as factory ships and refrigerator ships allows so.
A: Because the number of whales along Japanese coastal lines has diminished significantly due to the long history of whaling in adjacent areas. Modern technology such as factory ships and refrigerator ships allows so.
Q: Which countries are pro-whaling? Why?
A: Japan, Norway, Iceland, Russia, etc... because they have been consuming whale meats and oils historically, and therefore, the whaling business is integrates a significant portion of marine business.
A: Japan, Norway, Iceland, Russia, etc... because they have been consuming whale meats and oils historically, and therefore, the whaling business is integrates a significant portion of marine business.
Q: Which countries are anti-whaling? Why?
A: Australia, India, U.S, Canada, U.K., etc... in the pursuit of marine conservation.
A: Australia, India, U.S, Canada, U.K., etc... in the pursuit of marine conservation.
Q: What is ICJ?
A: ICJ, the International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. The Court, which is composed of fifteen judges, has a dual role: in accordance with international law, settling legal disputes between States submitted to it by them and giving advisory opinions on legal matters referred to by duly authorized UN organs and specialized agencies.
A: ICJ, the International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. The Court, which is composed of fifteen judges, has a dual role: in accordance with international law, settling legal disputes between States submitted to it by them and giving advisory opinions on legal matters referred to by duly authorized UN organs and specialized agencies.
Q: Is ICJ (International Court of Justice) superior to national courts?
A: The Court is not a supreme court to which national courts can turn. Nor is it an appeal court for any international tribunal. It can, however, rule on the validity of arbitral awards.
A: The Court is not a supreme court to which national courts can turn. Nor is it an appeal court for any international tribunal. It can, however, rule on the validity of arbitral awards.
Q: What will happen if Japan decides to ignore the ruling of ICJ (International Court of Justice)?
A: If Japan fails "to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court", the Security Council may be called upon to "make recommendations or decide upon measures" if the Security Council deems such actions necessary. In theory, "so far as the parties to the case are concerned, a judgment of the Court is binding, final and without appeal," and "by signing the Charter, a State Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with any decision of the International Court of Justice in a case to which it is a party". However, in practice, the Court's powers have been limited by the unwillingness of the losing party to abide by the Court's ruling, and by the Security Council's unwillingness to enforce consequences.
A: If Japan fails "to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court", the Security Council may be called upon to "make recommendations or decide upon measures" if the Security Council deems such actions necessary. In theory, "so far as the parties to the case are concerned, a judgment of the Court is binding, final and without appeal," and "by signing the Charter, a State Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with any decision of the International Court of Justice in a case to which it is a party". However, in practice, the Court's powers have been limited by the unwillingness of the losing party to abide by the Court's ruling, and by the Security Council's unwillingness to enforce consequences.
Q: What is the United Nations Security Council?
A: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is a principal organ that is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions. The Security Council consists of fifteen members. The great powers that were the victors of World War II (China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US) serve as the body's five permanent members who can veto any substantive Security Council resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or candidates for Secretary-General. The Security Council also has ten non-permanent members, elected on a regional basis to serve two-year terms. The body's presidency rotates monthly between its members. Security Council resolutions are typically enforced by UN peacekeepers, military forces voluntarily provided by member states and funded independently of the main UN budget.
A: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is a principal organ that is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions. The Security Council consists of fifteen members. The great powers that were the victors of World War II (China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US) serve as the body's five permanent members who can veto any substantive Security Council resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or candidates for Secretary-General. The Security Council also has ten non-permanent members, elected on a regional basis to serve two-year terms. The body's presidency rotates monthly between its members. Security Council resolutions are typically enforced by UN peacekeepers, military forces voluntarily provided by member states and funded independently of the main UN budget.
Q: What is IWC?
A: IWC, the International Whaling Commission is an inter-governmental organization tasked with the conservation of whales and the management of whaling. The Commission has a current membership of 89 governments. The main duty of the IWC is to keep under review and revise as necessary the measures laid down in the Schedule to the Convention which govern the conduct of whaling throughout the world. In addition, the Commission co-ordinates and funds conservation work on many species of cetaceans.
A: IWC, the International Whaling Commission is an inter-governmental organization tasked with the conservation of whales and the management of whaling. The Commission has a current membership of 89 governments. The main duty of the IWC is to keep under review and revise as necessary the measures laid down in the Schedule to the Convention which govern the conduct of whaling throughout the world. In addition, the Commission co-ordinates and funds conservation work on many species of cetaceans.
Q: What is Sea Shepherd?
A: Sea Shepherd Conservation Society is an international non-profit marine wildlife conservation organization. Sea Shepherd's mission is to end the destruction of habitat and slaughter of wildlife in the world's oceans in order to conserve and protect ecosystems and species.
A: Sea Shepherd Conservation Society is an international non-profit marine wildlife conservation organization. Sea Shepherd's mission is to end the destruction of habitat and slaughter of wildlife in the world's oceans in order to conserve and protect ecosystems and species.
Q: What is JARPA?
A: JARPA, the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic, is a Japanese cetacean research program whose objectives are to determine mortality rates, whale stock numbers and structure, the role of whales in the Antarctic ecosystem and how environmental changes affect whales.
A: JARPA, the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic, is a Japanese cetacean research program whose objectives are to determine mortality rates, whale stock numbers and structure, the role of whales in the Antarctic ecosystem and how environmental changes affect whales.